
I think that the significance of the refusal of the call is mainly to introduce the reader to the main character by revealing some of his character traits. It shows that Bilbo is a shy hobbit with both an adventerous side and a cautious side, and the cautious side usually wins, untill now.
The author also seems to enjoy bringing up the refusal of the call by saying.
" 'I wish I was at home in my nice hole by the fire, with the kettle just beginning to sing!' It was not the last time he wished that!" (Tolkien, The Hobbit 31)
I very much liked the qoute at the end it shows Bilbos reluctance to begin the journey really well.
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